Citizenship by investment or economic citizenship.Some states allow dual citizenship and do not require naturalized citizens to formally renounce any other citizenship. In some countries, naturalization is subject to conditions which may include passing a test demonstrating reasonable knowledge of the language or way of life of the host country, good conduct (no serious criminal record), and moral character (such as drunkenness, or gambling, or an understanding of the nature of drunkenness, or gambling) vowing allegiance to their new state or its ruler and renouncing their prior citizenship. States normally grant citizenship to people who have entered the country legally and been granted a permit to stay, or been granted political asylum, and also lived there for a specified period. regular visits to the spouse's country of citizenship). Many countries ( United Kingdom, Germany, United States, Canada) allow citizenship by marriage only if the foreign spouse is a permanent resident of the country in which citizenship is sought others ( Switzerland, Luxembourg) allow foreign spouses of expatriate citizens to obtain citizenship after a certain period of marriage, and sometimes also subject to language skills and proof of cultural integration (e.g. Countries that are destinations for such immigration often have regulations to try to detect sham marriages, where a citizen marries a non-citizen typically for payment, without them having the intention of living together. Many countries fast-track naturalization based on the marriage of a person to a citizen. Citizenship by marriage ( jus matrimonii). ![]() ![]() In many cases, both jus soli and jus sanguinis hold citizenship either by place or parentage (or both).Most countries in the Americas grant unconditional jus soli citizenship, while it has been limited or abolished in almost all other countries. This form of citizenship originated in England, where those who were born within the realm were subjects of the monarch (a concept pre-dating that of citizenship in England) and is common in common law countries. Some people are automatically citizens of the state in which they are born. This form of citizenship is common in civil law countries. Some states ( United Kingdom, Canada) limit the right to citizenship by descent to a certain number of generations born outside the state others ( Germany, Ireland, Switzerland ) grant citizenship only if each new generation is registered with the relevant foreign mission within a specified deadline while others ( for example Italy ) have no limitation on the number of generations born abroad who can claim citizenship of their ancestors' country. Where jus sanguinis holds, a person born outside a country, one or both of whose parents are citizens of the country, is also a citizen. ![]() Citizenship is granted based on ancestry or ethnicity and is related to the concept of a nation state common in Europe. Formerly this might only have applied through the paternal line, but sex equality became common since the late twentieth century. If one or both of a person's parents are citizens of a given state, then the person may have the right to be a citizen of that state as well.
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